Sentence

 Sentence

v      Definition of Sentences:

Ø A sentence is a group of words, which makes a complete sense.

 Or,

Ø A combination of words that makes a complete sense is called a sentence.

Or,

Ø A sentence is a group of words having a clear speech or a clear sense. 

Sentence is divided into three classes.  

         1.Simple Sentence   

         2. Complex Sentence    

         3. Compound Sentence 

1. Definition of Simple Sentence:

Ø  A simple sentence is a sentence, which contains only one Subject and only one Finite Verb.

 Or

Ø  A Simple Sentence is that sentence which is made with only one Subject and one Finite Verb.

v System of Identifying Simple sentence: When,  in spite of, dispite of, because of, being, too… to, in order to, with a view to, look forward to, participle, gerund (Verb+ ing), all prepositions (in,at, of, for, from, by, without etc.)  are contained in the sentence we will think it is  Simple sentence.

v Some examples of Simple Sentence:

§  I never kill my time in vain.

§  I am too weak to walk.

§  He is too sick to eat.

§  I know her name.

§  We live in Bangladesh.

§  We read to learn.

§  I saw the boy collecting some crops from his field.

§  Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.

§  My father is a man of letters.

§  Ramgong is a large and famous town.

2. Definition of Complex Sentence: A Complex Sentence is a sentence, which contains one principle clause, and one or more sub-ordinary clause.

vSystem of Identifying Complex Sentence:  When since, as, much, no sooner had, before, after, though, although, if, as if, as though, in order that, so that, because, till, until, all relative pronouns (who, which, that etc.)  are contained in the sentences we will think it is Complex Sentence.

Ø Some examples of Complex Sentence:

§  He attended the class though he is sick.

§  The patient had died before the doctor came.

§  The patient died after the doctor had come.

§  We read so that we can learn more.

§  I am sure that I will gain the first position in the class.

§  If you study regularly, you will cut a good figure in the examination.

§  I walk fast least I should miss my class.

§  Wait here unless I permit you to go.

§  The boy who came here last night is my friend.

§  He was absent because he was ill.

3. Definition of Compound Sentence: A Compound Sentence is that sentence which contains two more principal clauses.

Ø System of Identifying Compound Sentence : When  (while, and, but, or, yet, therefore, on the contrary, as a result, consequently, because etc.) are contained in the sentences we will think it is compound sentence.  

v Some examples of Compound Sentence:

    

§  He is rich but he is unhappy.

§   I wrote a letter and he wrote a composition.

§  He is wealthy but he is miser.

§  Read attentively or you will fail in the exam.

§  I am an idle student while my friends are very industries.

§  He is sick yet he is present in the class.

§  He works hard as a result he will win the reward.

Ø According to the meaning sentences are mainly five classes, namely-

1.   Assertive Sentences 

2.   Interrogative Sentences    

3.   Imperative Sentences 

4.   Optative Sentences   

5.   Exclamatory Sentences   

            Assertive Sentence

v Definition of Assertive Sentence: An Assertive Sentence is the sentence that discusses something about a person, an animal, a thing, a place or a matter.

Or, A Sentence in which a statement is made is called Assertive Sentence.

Or, An Assertive Sentence that makes a statement is called a Declarative or Assertive Sentence.

Or, Assertive Sentence makes an idea about a person or a thing or a place.  

v Some examples of Assertive Sentence:

§  We are playing football in our School Field.

§  My father is a well educated and an honest man.

§  I go to school regularly.

§  He always helps the poor.

§  He does not like to play football.

§  I have no pen and paper.

§  I did the work yesterday.

§  We have a nice building.

§  He has a pen.

§  I have done the work.

Ø Assertive Sentence Assertive sentence is divided into two parts.

 1. Affirmative Sentence and

              2. Negative Sentence.

Ø Affirmative Sentence: An Affirmative Sentence is a sentence that discusses the positive sides of a sentence.

Ø Some examples of Affirmative Sentence:

§  He is a brilliant student.

§  Hassan goes to school regularly.

§  Hassan may come to our house today.

§  He has done the work just now.

§  We have helped the poor.

§  He lends me some money.

Ø Negative Sentence: A Negative Sentence is a sentence that discusses the negative sides of a topic.

Or, A Negative Sentence is a sentence which disallows something is called Negative Sentence.

Ø Some examples of Negative Sentence:

§  He does not help the poor.

§  We do not complete our work.

§  Rahim has not done his work.

§  We did not play football yesterday.

§  She was not present in the meeting.

§  You are not correct.

§  Your decision is not correct.

§  He had not a computer.

                

  Interrogative Sentence:  

Ø Definition of Interrogative Sentence: An interrogative sentence is a sentence, which asks a question about a person, an animal, a thing, a place or a country that calls an Interrogative sentence.

Or, A sentence that asks a question is called an interrogative sentence.

Ø Some examples of Interrogative Sentence:

§  Does he go to school?

§  Has Rina read a book?

§  Have we been helping the poor?

§  Am I doing the work?

§  Did she love me?

§  Do you understand?

§  Are you going to your class now?

§  Have you written your homework now?

§  Do they play football regularly?

§  Does my father call me?

Imperative Sentence

Ø Definition of Imperative Sentence: An Imperative Sentence is the sentence that expresses/ denotes order, command, advice, request, proposal, suggestion etc.

v Some examples of Imperative Sentences:

§  Shut the door.

§  Open your English.

§  Help the poor and orphans.

§  Do not run in the sun.

§  Always speak the truth.

§  Please, lend me some money.

§  Let us help the flood affected people.

§  Go home at once.

§  Do the work.

§  Take care of your health.

            

   Optative Sentence

Ø Definition of Optative Sentence: An Optative Sentence is the sentence, which expresses/denotes wish, prayer, blessing etc. that is called an Optative Sentence.

Or, A Sentence that expresses wish or prayer or blessing is called 

v Some examples of Optative Sentence:

§  May you live long.

§  May Allah bless you.

§  Long live my parents and teachers.

§  I wish I were a bird.

§  Had I been a child again.

§  May you shine in life.

§  Long live our president.

§  Long live my friends.

              Exclamatory Sentence 

Ø Definition of Exclamatory Sentence: An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses or denotes strong feelings or emotion that is called an exclamatory sentence.

v Some examples of Exclamatory Sentences:

§  How beautiful bird it is!

§  Hurrah! We have won the match.

§  Alas! I am undone.

§  What a beautiful scene it is!

§  What a great idea!

§  What a tragedy!

§  Alas! I lost my mobile.

§  What a great victory!

§  Bravo! You achieved the first position in the class.

§  Oh! Really, you are a hard working person.

       The simple rules of changing sentences (simple, complex, compound)

             Simple to Compound:

Simple	Compound
In spite of, Despite	But
Without + verb + ing	Or
By + verb + ing / too…to / to + verb etc.	And

        Compound to Simple

Compound	Simple
But	In spite of, Despite
Or	Without + verb + ing
And	By + verb + ing / too…to / to + verb etc.

                  Complex to Compound:

Complex	Compound
Though/ Although	But
If…… not	Or
Since/ as if/ because/ WH words/ until/ after/ in order that/ till etc.	And

                 

                     Compound to Complex:

Compound	Complex
But	Though/ Although
Or	If…… not
And	Since/ as if/ because/ WH words/ until/ after/ in order that/ till etc.